We did not use any money during the production of our short, so we did not need a budget sheet, however if we did need any money then there are many options, such as crowd funding, mega corporation investments, lottery funding, competitions and investors. An example of crowd funding is the website Kickstarter. Kickstarter is a website where users can upload a video, showing a product that they need the funding for or a video explaining what they are trying to convince the viewer to fund, they then set a goal of money that they wish to achieve and a date to do this by. An example of a movie that has been successfully funded is the short film Kung Fury, which is an over the top action comedy which set for a goal for $200,000 but after a music video for the film, sang by and featuring David Hasslehoff, was released it received a total of $630,019 from crowd funding. Megan Ellison is a prime example of an investor, having invested in such movie productions as True Grit, Zero Dark Thirty, Lawless and Her. Ellison has invested in a large amount of movies. Warner Bros. Pictures is a mega corporation that fund the production and making of many movies, they have produced such movies as The Dark Knight Trilogy, The Hobbit Trilogy, The Hangover Trilogy and Suicide Squad.
Shooting a film of any kind will require a crew and equipment, all of it will cost money. Requirements for any production are: a cast, props, transport, equipment, editing studios, location releases, crew, insurance and licences. For my DepicT! short, I had to obtain the equipment that we needed, which was a camera and a tripod, a cast and crew. My short had very few people in comparison to other production types, for instance, Dear Albion is a short film with a relatively low budget and a small cast, where as a television show such as Lucifer has both a larger amount of funding and a much larger crew, it has departments for editing and sound rather than maybe just a few people. A Hollywood feature film however, can have hundreds or even thousands working on the film. Movies like Avatar and Iron Man 3 have several thousand, Iron Man 3 had 3,310 people working on it while Avatar fell just short of 3,000 with 2,984. This meant that they had entire studios working on visual effects, stunts, editing, sound and many other aspects. With my short, we had 4 actors, 1 director, 1 camera man, 3 editors, 1 location scouter, 3 sound editors and 1 script writer, however we only had 3 people, including myself. We acquired some actors, 2 of them and both another member of my group and I also acted while the 3rd person of my group operated the camera and directed. None of the group had any prior experience with film making, acting, operating the camera or editing. Behind many media texts, there are some groups that work behind the scenes, this could be such people as the marketing team, the advertising department and even location scouts.
My group had a total of three weeks to have an end product, 1 and a half weeks for filming and 1 and a half weeks for editing. We met the deadline in class, but if you do not meet the deadlines set for you in the professional media industry, then all manner of things could happen. If you are working on a TV show and you do not have a finished product then your product could not be broadcast as it would not have a space in the schedule. Your product could not be used and you could be stripped of funding, leaving you in debt, unless you have the correct insurance. More people may also have to be hired in order to get the piece finished, for example, if you're writing a script and you have five days, but you do not get it completed in time then you might have to hire additional script writers to get the script finished.
In order to acquire equipment, you can buy or rent it from a professional media facility house. A media facility house owns a vast array of equipment and personnel that they can rent out to producers. For instance, the going rate of a camera assistant is £240 for 10 hours of work, a lighting camera's going rate is £373 for 10 hours and a DIT's going rate us £267 for 10 hours. These examples are listed in the image below, provided by BECTU.
The nearest facility house to where I am is situated in London, it is called Video Production London, here is a link to their rates. For my short, we had many pieces of equipment available to us from the college, for free. We acquired a camera and tripod for our filming, of which we had to sign out from our AV room, but we had much more equipment available. We had access to lighting (such as lamps), a filming studio, shoulder mounts and also had many cameras and props available.
With my short film, we filmed it at the Gorleston recreational grounds, opposite the college. We did a location recce where we took pictures of the location, (which are below) which then helped us develop an idea of how we would frame the shots and how we would both enter and exit the shots.
In addition to equipment, crew and cast, you need props, costumes, daily footage (also called rushes in the production of short films), a script, ideas, sound effects and music. Some music is a creative commons which is where you need to credit the music. With my short film, we were not allowed to use any copyrighted music, so it limited what we were able to use. Larger productions would need such things as insurance (to cover any accidental damage to the location or equipment) and they would have to factor the cost of making the material.
There are legal considerations when making a media text, for instance, you cannot infringe on copyright, however you can purchase the rights to the intellectual property that you wish to use, or you could ask for permission to use it. While creating a media text, you may be needed to get clearance, for instance, an actor's performance in the media text must be cleared for all uses. You would also need public liability insurance which covers the cost of legal action and compensation claims made against your business if
a third party is injured or their property suffers damage whilst you
are working. Another type of insurance that you may need is a Completion guarantee which is a form of insurance, offered by a completion guarantor company, it insures a given project will be completed, even if the producer runs out of money, or any measure of financial or other impediment occurs during the production of the project. Copyright affected my DepicT! production as
we could not then use any copyrighted materials, we then had to
source royalty free music instead.
A regulatory body is a public authority or a government agency that monitors media and social networking platforms and they remove any sensitive material, protecting the public from it. Ofcom is one such regulator, they regulate the TV, radio and video on demand, fixed line telecoms, mobiles and postal services, they also monitor the airwaves which wireless device operate. The BBC is regulated by The BBC Trust (Trust) and OFCOM, Trust regulates the whole of the BBC's output. OFCOM has many regulations that all revolve around the idea of protection. Their regulations are split into ten sections, four Appendicies and a cross promotional code linked here. The BBFC is The British Board of Film Censors and it is an independent, non-governmental body which classifies films and has done since 1912. There isn't any legal regulation of online video, while some things, such as racial hatred, incitement and blasphemy are illegal in England, but as there is so much content created, it is hard to police any applicable laws. The BBFC will, every 4-5 years, carry out a major public consultation excercise to find out what the public thinks about the age ratings of films and videos before they're released and whether the BBFC's classification standards meet public concerns. A link to there Classification Guidelines is here. I have learnt that online videos are not legally regulated, and that they are much harder to regulate, so as long as I do not make a short that is overly offensive or that promotes hatred and such, it should not be removed and it will remain available to be watched.
A Trade union is an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. They fight for Workers rights and will support actors in court cases when they're being underpaid and any injustices that may have befallen them. BECTU is the UK's media and entertainment trade union and its sectors cover broadcasting, film, independent production, theatre and the arts, live events, leisure and digital media. BECTU does a wide range of services for its members, such as:
A Trade union is an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. They fight for Workers rights and will support actors in court cases when they're being underpaid and any injustices that may have befallen them. BECTU is the UK's media and entertainment trade union and its sectors cover broadcasting, film, independent production, theatre and the arts, live events, leisure and digital media. BECTU does a wide range of services for its members, such as:
- Negotiating pay, conditions and contracts with employers
- Personal advice and representation for individual members
- Advice and representation on health and safety
- Benefits and services for BECTU members
- Training support and courses
- Networking events and career development opportunities
- Union journal, Stage Screen and Radio, published six times a year.
- Website designed to improve access to the union's advice and support
PACT is another trade association that supports its members with legal and business affairs advice and support, as well as a wide range of services and campaign work. Pact helps to shape the best possible regulatory and legislative environment for the independent production sector to grow domestically and internationally – the association has a strong record of success in campaigning for producers’ rights. A trade association, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that work in a specific industry. An industry trade association participates in advertising and education, but its focus is collaboration between companies. Associations may offer other services, such as producing conferences, networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials. Many associations are non-profit organizations governed by bylaws and directed by officers who are also members.
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